CHAPTER 8 ACCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION-DATA WAREHOUSE

HISTORY OF DATA WAREHOUSE

• In 1990s as organizations began to need more timely information about their business, they found that traditional operational information systems were too cumbersome.
• during the latter half of the 20th century, the numbers and types of database increased.

DATA WAREHOUSE FUNDAMENTALS

• data warehouse- logical collection of information-gathered from many different operational databases-that supports business analysis activities and decision making tasks.
• extraction, transformation, and loading( ETL)- process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse.
• data mart- contains a subset of data warehouse information. 

 

 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND DATA TIMING

• cube-  the common term for the representation of multidimensional information.
• a relational database contains information in a series of two-dimensional tables.
• a dimension is a particular attribute of information.
• data mining-  process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone.
• data  mining tools- use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infer rules from them that predict future behavior and guide decision making.

 

INFORMATION CLEANSING OR SCRUBBING 

 - process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.

• contact information in operational systems

• standardizing customer name from operational systems

 

• information cleansing activities

 

• accurate and complete information. 

 

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

  applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and information to support decision making efforts.

ENABLING BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

1. TECHNOLOGY- the largest company today can create enterprisewide BI systems that compute and monitor metrics on virtually very variable important for managing the company.
2. PEOPLE- organizations can improve their decision making by having the right people making the decision.
3. CULTURE- a key responsibility of executives is to shape and manage corporate culture.

CHAPTER 7 STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION-DATABASE

CHAPTER 7 STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION-DATABASE

 

Relational database fundamentals.

Database- maintains information about various types of object(inventory), events(transactions), people(employees), and place(ware-house).

Hierarchical database model-  information organized into tree-like structure that allows repeating information using parent/child relationships in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships.

Network database model - Is a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships.

Relational database model -  Stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

.

Entities and Attributes.

Entity – person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored.

Attributes – fields or columns are characteristics or properties of an entity class.

 

Keys and Relationships.

Primary key- is a field that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table.

Foreign key- in the relational database model is primary key of one table that appears between as an attribute in another table and acts to provide logical relationship between the two tables.

Relational database adv advantages.

• increased flexibility 

  physical view- information deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device such as hard disk.  
  logical view- information focus on how users logically access information to meet their particular business needs.

• increased scalability and performance

 scalability- how well a system can adapt to increased demands.
 performance- measures on how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.

• reduced information redundancy

 redundancy- duplication of information , or storing the same information in multiple places.

• increased information integrity

 information integrity- measure of quality of information
 integrity constraints- rules that help ensure the quality information. 

1.  rational integrity constraints
2. business-critical integrity constraints

relational integrity constraints- rules that enforce basic and fundamentals information-based constraints.
business-critical integrity constraints- enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints.

• increased information security

including passwords, access levels, and access control.


Database management systems. 

database management systems(DBMS)- software through which usrs and application programs interact with a database. 

Data-driven websites

 " is an interactive website kept constantly update and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database"

1.  data-driven website business advantages

• development
• content management
• future expandability
• minimizing human errors
• cutting production and update costs.
• more efficiently
• improved stability

Integrating information among multiple database.

integration- allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other.
forward integration- takes information entered into a given systems and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes.
backward integration- takes information entered into a given systems and sends it automatically to all upstream systems ans processes.

 

CHAPTER 6 VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION

• ·        Comes at different levels and in different formats.

• ·        Information granularity refers to the extent of details within the information. 

 

 

THE VALUE OF TRANSACTIONAL AND ANALYTICAL INFORMATION

TRANSACTIONAL INFORMATION- all the information contained within a single business processes or unit of work, and its primary is to support the performing of daily operational tasks.

ANALYTICAL INFORMATION- all the organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks.

 

THE VALUE OF TIMELY INFORMATION

REAL TIME INFORMATION- means immediate, up-to-date information.

REAL-TIME SYSTEMS-  provide real-time information in response to query request.

THE VALUE OF QUALITY INFORMATION

·         Several issues with low-quality information, including:

1)    Missing information

2)    Incomplete information

3)    Probable duplicate of information

4)    Wrong information

5)    Inaccurate information

6)    Incomplete information

FIVE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-QUALITY INFORMATION

 

FOUR PRIMARY SOURCES OF LOW-QUALITY INFORMATION:

1.   Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy.
2.   Different systems have different information entry standards and formats 
3. Call center operators enter abbreviated or erroneous information by accident or to save time. 
4.  Third-party and external information contains inconsistences, inaccuracies, and errors.

  

UNDERSTANDING THE COSTS OF POOR INFORMATION 

1.  Inability to accurately track customers, which directly affects strategic initiatives such as CRM and SCM
2. Difficulty identifying the organization’s most valuable customers
3.  Inability to identify the selling opportunities and wasted revenue from marketing to nonexisting customers and nondeliverable mail. 
4.    Inability to build strong relationship with customers-which increases buyer power.

END OF CHAPTER 6..... ^_^